The Disciples Were Not Present at the Alleged Trial Before Pilate

1. THE ALLEGED TRIAL BEFORE PILATE IS HISTORICALLY DUBIOUS

In Chapter 6 of my book Thinking Critically about the Resurrection of Jesus, Volume 1: The Resuscitation of the Swoon Theory, in the subsection called "TEN HISTORICAL CLAIMS ABOUT AN ALLEGED TRIAL BEFORE PILATE", I show that there are several good reasons to doubt the historicity or historical reliability of the Gospel accounts of the alleged trial of Jesus before Pilate.[1]  This means that there are good reasons to doubt that the disciples of Jesus witnessed alleged events at a trial of Jesus before Pilate. If there was no trial of Jesus before Pilate, then obviously there were no disciples present at that fictional trial.  

2. IF THERE WAS A TRIAL BEFORE PILATE, THE ALLEGED EVENTS IN THE TRIAL ARE DUBIOUS

On the other hand, if there was a trial of Jesus before Pilate, then it is likely that some of the alleged events and details of that trial, as presented in the Gospels, did not actually occur and thus were not observed by anyone, including Jesus' disciples.  For example, if Jesus was not actually scourged by a Roman soldier during or immediately following the trial before Pilate, then none of Jesus' disciples observed Jesus being scourged by a Roman soldier.

3. JESUS DISCIPLES WERE IN HIDING DURING THE TRIAL

No Gospel account mentions that any of Jesus' disciples were present at the alleged trial of Jesus before Pilate. Furthermore, the Gospel of Mark indicates that the disciples fled and abandoned Jesus when he was arrested, and the Gospel of Matthew agrees with Mark on this point (Mark 14:48-50 & Matthew 26:55-56). The Gospel of Mark also indicates that only some of the women who followed Jesus were present at the crucifixion, and the Gospel of Matthew agrees with Mark on this point (Mark 15:40-41 & Matthew 27:55-56), implying that the twelve disciples of Jesus were still in hiding at that time. If Jesus' twelve disciples fled and abandoned Jesus when he was arrested, and if Jesus' twelve disciples were not present during his crucifixion, then it is unlikely that they were present at the alleged trial before Pilate.

This is one reason why many Jesus and NT scholars doubt the historicity or historical reliability of the Gospel accounts of the trial of Jesus before Pilate:

About the events reported between arrest and execution, including the trials before Jewish and Roman authorities, I have little historical conficence. The reason: whatever happened was not witnessed by Jesus' followers; they had fled and were not there.[2]       - Marcus Borg

 

END NOTES

1. You can read a DRAFT of Chapter 6 of my book here:

https://thinkingcriticallyabout.podbean.com/e/chapter-6-three-objections-to-the-swoon-theory-by-william-craig/

2. Marcus Borg, "Why Was Jesus Killed?" in The Meaning of Jesus (San Francisco, CA: HarperCollins Publishers, 1996), p.87.

Parapsychology and the Search for Psi - Part1: Overview of Parapsychology

 

There are three main kinds of alleged paranormal phenomena (called psi) that are studied in parapsychology:

• ESP (Extra-Sensory Perception) - knowledge without the use of ordinary senses
• PK (Psychokinesis) - mind over matter
• SOC (Survival Of Consciousness) - life after death, reincarnation, near-death experiences, out-of-body experiences

There are three main kinds of ESP:

The history of parapsychology can be divided into four main periods:

• Early Individual Investigations of Psi (before 1882)
• Early Organized Investigations of Psi (beginning in 1882 with the founding of The Society for Psychical Research)   
• Early Parapsychology Investigations of Psi (beginning in 1930 with the founding of the Parapsychology Lab at Duke University)
• Modern Parapsychology Investigations of Psi (beginning in 1970 with...) 

The Historical Unreliability of the Passion Story in the Gospel of Mark - INDEX

 

The Historical Unreliability of the Gospel of Matthew - INDEX

REASONS FOR THE HISTORICAL UNRELIABILITY OF THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW

The stories about alleged events in the life of Jesus found in the Gospel of Matthew involve changes and additions to the stories about the life of Jesus from the Gospel of Mark and those changes and additions by the author of the Gospel of Matthew are dubious and historically unreliable. 

There are at least five reasons that support this conclusion:

REASON #1: There are several general considerations about the Gospel of Matthew that suggest that its additions and changes to stories from the Gospel of Mark are historically unreliable. I will present such general considerations later in this post. 

REASON #2: The Gospel of Mark has no stories about the birth, infancy, or childhood of Jesus, but the Gospel of Matthew adds stories of five such events, and there are good reasons to doubt the historical reliability of those stories in the Gospel of Matthew. 

REASON #3: The Gospel of Mark has no stories about alleged appearances of the risen Jesus to his followers, but the Gospel of Matthew adds stories about two events involving alleged appearances of the risen Jesus and about another event related to the alleged empty tomb, and there are good reasons to doubt the historical reliability of these additional stories in the Gospel of Matthew.

 REASON #4: In Chapters 3 through 25, the Gospel of Matthew adds sixteen events that are not found in the Gospel of Mark, and there are good reasons to doubt the historical reliability of those accounts of additional events.

REASON #5: The various additions and changes that the author of the Gospel of Matthew makes to the Passion Narrative (about the arrest, trials, crucifixion, and burial of Jesus) in the Gospel of Mark are consistently dubious and are thus historically unreliable.

The above five reasons are sufficient to show it is very probable that changes and additions made by the author of the Gospel of Matthew to stories about Jesus from the Gospel of Mark are historically unreliable, and thus in terms of stories about Jesus, the Gospel of Matthew has very little historical information about Jesus to offer us beyond what we find in the Gospel of Mark.

The Historical Unreliability of the Gospel of Luke - INDEX

Here are links to my posts about the historical unreliability of the stories about alleged events in the life of Jesus found in the Gospel of Luke that involve changes or additions to the stories about alleged events in the life of Jesus found in the Gospel of Mark:

The Unreliability of the Gospel of Luke - Part 1: General Considerations

The Unreliability of the Gospel of Luke - Part 2: Birth, Infancy, & Childhood Stories

The Unreliability of the Gospel of Luke - Part 3: Unhistorical Genealogy

The Unreliability of the Gospel of Luke - Part 4: Chapter 1

NOTE:

I plan to write several more posts about the historical unreliability of the Gospel of Luke, and will add links to this page as those posts are written and published.

The Unreliability of the Gospel of Luke - Part 4: Chapter 1

EIGHT STORIES IN LUKE'S BIRTH NARRATIVE

In the first two chapters of the Gospel of Luke, we find eight different events related to the birth, infancy, and childhood of Jesus that are not found in the Gospel of Mark:[1]

• Miraculous Conception of John (Luke 1:7-25)
• Miraculous Conception of Jesus (Luke 1:26-38)
• Mary Visits Elizabeth (Luke 1:39-56)
• Birth and Naming of John (Luke 1:57-80]
• Birth of Jesus (Luke 2:1-7)
• Visit of the Shepherds (Luke 2:8-20)
• Dedication of Jesus (Luke 2:21-40)
• The Young Jesus in Jerusalem (Luke 2:41-52)

In this post, I will critically examine the four stories in Chapter 1

of the Gospel of Luke.

MIRACULOUS CONCEPTION OF JOHN 

The first story related to the birth and childhood of Jesus in the Gospel of Luke concerns the conception of John the Baptist:

5 In the days of King Herod of Judea, there was a priest named Zechariah, who belonged to the priestly order of Abijah. His wife was descended from the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth. 6 Both of them were righteous before God, living blamelessly according to all the commandments and regulations of the Lord. 7 But they had no children because Elizabeth was barren, and both were getting on in years.

8 Once when he was serving as priest before God during his section’s turn of duty, 9 he was chosen by lot, according to the custom of the priesthood, to enter the sanctuary of the Lord to offer incense. 10 Now at the time of the incense offering, the whole assembly of the people was praying outside. 11 Then there appeared to him an angel of the Lord, standing at the right side of the altar of incense. 12 When Zechariah saw him, he was terrified, and fear overwhelmed him. 13 But the angel said to him, “Do not be afraid, Zechariah, for your prayer has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you will name him John. 14 You will have joy and gladness, and many will rejoice at his birth, 15 for he will be great in the sight of the Lord. He must never drink wine or strong drink; even before his birth he will be filled with the Holy Spirit. 16 He will turn many of the people of Israel to the Lord their God. 17 With the spirit and power of Elijah he will go before him, to turn the hearts of parents to their children and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous, to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.” 18 Zechariah said to the angel, “How can I know that this will happen? For I am an old man, and my wife is getting on in years.” 19 The angel replied, “I am Gabriel. I stand in the presence of God, and I have been sent to speak to you and to bring you this good news. 20 But now, because you did not believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their time, you will become mute, unable to speak, until the day these things occur.”

21 Meanwhile the people were waiting for Zechariah and wondering at his delay in the sanctuary. 22 When he did come out, he was unable to speak to them, and they realized that he had seen a vision in the sanctuary. He kept motioning to them and remained unable to speak. 23 When his time of service was ended, he returned to his home.

24 After those days his wife Elizabeth conceived, and for five months she remained in seclusion. She said, 25 “This is what the Lord has done for me in this time, when he looked favorably on me and took away the disgrace I have endured among my people.”

(Luke 1:5-25)

MIRACULOUS CONCEPTION OF JESUS

(Luke 1:26-38)

MARY VISITS ELIZABETH 

(Luke 1:39-56)

BIRTH AND NAMING OF JOHN 

(Luke 1:57-80]

END NOTES

1. Raymond Brown, An Introduction to the New Testament (New York, NY: Doubleday,1997), from footnote #23 on page 236.